Blogs on Hindu Vedic Culture

Saturday, August 15, 2020

PRADHOSHA MAHIMAI



Before we proceed with this blog, please listen to the following song. May Lord Parameshwara guide us through our difficulties and bless us with peace and prosperity.

Origin of Pradosham Worship

Pradosha, the thirteenth day of the dark (Krishna Paksha) or the bright (Sukla Paksha) half of the lunar cycle, is perhaps the most widely observed fortnightly vow by the Shaivites. The observance of the Pradosha Vratha is believed to bestow upon the observer immense mental capability, astounding wealth, spiritual prowess and almost everything that one wishes for, provided that they are reasonable of course. In fact, the very word Pradosha is made up of two parts – ‘Pra’+’Dosha’ – which means ‘the remover of sins’. Thus, Pradosha pooja is considered to wash away one’s past sins and grant the kartha (the observer) a station at Kailasha. (The Vaishnavas have their own equivalent fasting day on Ekadashi, the eleventh day in the lunar cycle as a means to reach Vaikunta.)

A number of stories are often retold by elders in connection with the origin of Pradosha. However, the most common and arguably the most verifiable account of Pradosha’s birth is recounted in the Shiva Purana, and it all begins with the churning of the milk ocean by the Devas and the Asuras on a holy Dwadasi day. As the Devas and the Asuras poured in every bit of their effort to tug at Vasuki, the very first product which came out of the milk ocean threatened to drink up their lives, once and for all. Hala-Hala, the deadly poison, reeked up from the frothy waves of the ocean, spreading its toxic fumes everywhere. At this, the Devas and the Asuras did what they were the very good at doing – they panicked.

The thick, bluish-black Hala-Hala came rushing at them from the ocean, scaring them out of their wits. Sriman Narayana was not exactly in a very good position to help them. He was below the very heavy Meru Mountain, as a huge tortoise (The purpose of the Koorma avatara), preventing the mountain from slipping into the sea. The whole scene sent shudders down Indra’s spine. What was he to do and why were things not going according to a plan?

Indra watched in dismay, as Vasuki tried to writhe out of control. The snake’s hood was spread out viciously and it thrashed about the tall Meru. The scene sent a jolt of sense into Indra. Of course, the solution was simple, but he realised that he had committed a grave folly – the Devas and the Asuras had not sought the blessings of Maheshwara prior to the commencement of the churning. With what face was Indra going to approach Shiva for his help? Indra was lost in deep thought when an ear-deafening shriek from behind brought him back onto the scene. Looking back, Indra beheld a large black tidal wave dashing forward, chasing the Devas and Asuras. The sight sent all his guilt straight out of the window and with one loud shout, he scrambled to Kailasha.
Followed by the Devas and Asuras in one large pack, Indra ran for his life; with fear clinging onto him like death and the Hala-Hala close behind. “श्री पार्वतीश: मम देहि कारावलम्बं (Oh Lord of Parvathi, do extend your helping hand)”, they chanted on their helter-skelter mad run towards Kailasha. The mighty mountain Kailasha, with its beautiful snow-covered peaks, drew nearer and so did the gap between the Hala-Hala and the Devas. Finally, huffing and puffing, their bodies drowned in sweat, the group made it to the foot hills of the Kailasha, and they immediately drew to a screeching halt.
A furious Nandi stood at the gates of Kailasha, looking close to murderous. “Go back, you filthy, disloyal scums. You don’t seek the blessings of Maheshwara when you start on this earth wrecking experiment, but now, when you have landed yourself into a vat of hot oil, you come running here. Bah, Humbug!!!” he roared.”Go back before I gore you to death with my horns”, he warned, lowering his head and displaying his sharp horns, sunlight bouncing off them.
Flabbergasted, the Devas retreated in a hurry, only to be met by the rippling waves of the Hala-Hala from behind. Caught between the Devil and the Deep Sea, Indra and the Devas ran towards the left of the mountain, where the Hala-Hala dutifully followed them. They circumambulated the Holy Kailasha and came back to the starting point, where, at the entrance they were once again met by Nandi, his sharp horns glinting in the sun. “Back up”, shouted the fluttered Devas to one another, and they turned behind, retracing their path around the mountain, once again to be driven back by the deadly poison. This highly entertaining “Here we go around the mulberry bush!!!” game went on, sapping the Devas off their last ounce of energy. Tired and hungry, the Devas huddled against each other, just waiting for their doom to descend.
Shiva finally decided to take pity on them and came down from his divine abode. Just like the Shivopasana mantra sings on his indescribable form, he glittered with a golden hue, shining like a thousand brilliant suns.

नमो हिरण्य-बाहवे हिरण्य-वर्णाय
हिरण्य-रूपाय हिरण्य-पतये
अम्बिकापतय उमापतये पशुपतये नमो नमः||              – शिवोपासन मंत्र

“Salutations to you, Oh Golden Limbed, Golden Hued,
Golden Formed, Golden-natured Primordial Lord,
The lord of Ambikaa and the dear one of Uma. Salutations to you!!!”              – Shivopasana Mantra   

Even as the Devas revived at the reassuring sight of Maheshwara walking down majestically, Shiva commanded Nandi. ”Bring me the Hala-Hala, Nandi” he said. At once, Nandi collected the reeking poison and gave it to Shiva.
With the Devas watching in earnest, a smile curving up on his red lips, Shiva rolled all the poison into a single ball and swallowed it. The jaws of everyone present dropped open simultaneously. The Lord of the Universe had just eaten the deadly poison, forgetting that all of creation was sustained within him. In a jiffy, he had exposed the entire Universe and the various creatures that inhabited it, to the deadly effects of the Hala-Hala.


Parvathi, the mother of all creations, sensing imminent danger to all her beloved children, came thundering down the steps of her mountain palace and gently held up her hands against Shiva’s throat, forcing the poison to stay there. Shiva’s throat turned violently blue and the Hala-Hala started taking its toll. He reeled under its effect, his eye-balls rolling up while his feet stumbled rhythmically – for is he not Nataraja, the King of all dance?

With his very eyes he beckoned Parvathi towards him. “Oh Gauri,” he said slowly, breathing heavily between words “Don’t panic. I had to do this for the welfare of the Devas. But now, I feel light headed… The Hala-Hala is no ordinary poison….It’s effect is the same for both me and my creations…. I must rest… May I lay on your lap, Oh divine mother?” 
Parvathi sat down on the golden bedstead, and gently took Shiva’s head onto her lap. And the Devas shed tears of bliss as they beheld the wonderful sight of Parameshwara, his neck brilliantly blue hued, resting on the lap of Jagathjanani. 
But their bliss turned into guilt as they waited with bated breath for the lord to show signs of normalcy. They flocked around the bed on which Shiva rested, their hands held in various signs of worship. The whole of Kailasha was engulfed in a deathly silence, waiting for its lord to revive. Neither did the birds sing nor did the animals growl; neither did the trees move nor did the flowers bloom. One and a half days had passed since the lord had drunk the Hala-Hala, and the thithi of Thrayodasi on Saturday was nearing its end. Still Shiva showed no signs of motion. The Devas grew worried and their pangs of guilt doubled up.

The sun was hovering low on the western horizons on the sacred Thrayodasi day, when the anklets of Shiva moved ever so little, producing the ever resonant primordial sound – Om. Shiva sat up slowly, as though waking up from a blissful sleep and placed his arm around Parvathi. And with a subtle sideward movement of his face he cast an eye full of grace on the Devas. Indra smiled widely, partly with joy and partly with relief. “Namah Parvathi Pathaye” he shouted in veneration of the lord, to be immediately echoed up by the rest of the Devas – “Hara Hara Mahadeva”.

While the Devas prostrated before the Lord, worshipping him their individual ways, Nandi was seen to be standing in a corner, away from the celebrating masses. There was a plastic smile plastered on his face while he happily shook his head, presenting the sight of an adamant, secretive school-going kid. To be true, he acted as though he was slightly touched in the head.

When Nandi had carried over the poison to Shiva, he had unknowingly inhaled the fumes of the deadly Hala-Hala. The highly potent poison, which had even put Shiva to a sound sleep, had damaged Nandi’s senses to a small extent. As a result, the joy that Nandi now exhibited was not on the account of Shiva’s recovery, but rather due to a baseless pride over the false fact that he was immune to the Hala-Hala, which had even affected Parameshwara. Nandi swelled at the very thought of being more capable than the Supreme Being. These blasphemous thoughts further fueled Nandi’s joy and he started dancing around like an unfettered maniac.

Parvathi, whose motherly heart wept for Nandi’s condition, threw a concerned glance at Nandi and then turned back to Neelakantha (The blue throated one). Her eyes shimmered with unshed tears for the welfare of her son. Shiva smiled, and patted Parvathi’s shoulder, consoling her. He looked at the Devas, who still looked like they were present in a sick room. When would they understand that it would take much more than a tiny bit of Hala-Hala to even think of harming Him? When would they understand that it was all a part of His Grand Scheme of Order? Shiva decided to show to the wide world, that he was hale and healthy as always, perhaps even better.”Nandi, come here” he said, his voice full of tender love.

Nandi, with his head held high up in pride, walked towards Shiva, slowly and majestically. Then, to everyone’s great surprise, with one agile leap, Shiva planted himself on Nandi’s head. Nandi was of course, the most surprised. He tried to throw off the additional burden, but Shiva’s tender lotus like feet had already started moving in rhythm to Nandi’s dismounting attempts. Every time Nandi attempted to throw him off, Shiva leapt gracefully into the air. The Devas and Devatas gathered around to see this wondrous sight, their faces all inclined upwards to behold the dancing Lord.
जटाटवीगलज्जल प्रवाहपावितस्थले
गलेऽवलम्ब्य लम्बितां भुजङ्गतुङ्गमालिकाम्
डमड्डमड्डमड्डमन्निनादवड्डमर्वयं
चकार चण्ड्ताण्डवं तनोतु नः शिवः शिवम् ||
-शिवताण्डवस्तोत्रम्
With the holy water falling from His forest-like matted locks, consecrating
His neck, from where hung a snake, swaying like a lofty flower garland.
And with the holy Damaru reverberating Dama Dama Dama Dama

Did Shiva dance his fierce Tandava. May he shower us with prosperity.”
Then, with Vishnu blowing the Panchajanya, Indra handling the Mridangam, Vani stringing the Veena, Lakshmi clanging the cymbals, Brahma clicking the nattuvangam and Gauri herself singing, Nataraja, sounding his Damaru all by himself, danced gracefully over the head of Nandi, between the two horns, to show to the world that he was just as normal as before and that there was no reason to fear. The whole world watched this divine dance with absolute raptness. They had seen nothing as beautiful as this before. For the next one and a half hours leading to sunset, Shiva performed the Sandhya Tandava, his lotus feet hitting on Nandi’s head, driving out his insanity. And the Devas stood there, immobilized by the dance, their mouths all agape, trying to take it all in, for they may never have a chance again.
जयत्वदभ्रविभ्रम भ्रमद्भुजङ्गमश्वस
द्विनिर्गमत्क्रमस्फुरत्करालभालहव्यवाट् |
धिमिद्धिमिद्धिमि ध्वनन्मृदङ्गतुङ्गमङ्गल
ध्वनिक्रमप्रवर्तित प्रचण्डताण्डवः शिवः ||
-शिवताण्डवस्तोत्रम्
"His foot twirling, with the snake swirling wildly in the sky,
Whose breath causes fire from His forehead to spread out into space.
With the auspicious Damaru’s Dhimi Dhimi Dhimi Dhimi,
Danced Shiva, His forceful Tandava, to His Damaru’s beat"
-Shiva Tandava Stotram

These one and a half hours, spanning from 4:30 PM to 6 PM in normal human hours, over which the Devas were spell-bound with Shiva’s celestial dance, form the period of Pradosha every day. In the Hindu calendar, the pre-dawn period, when night meets day is presided over by Usha, the first wife of Surya. Hence it is referred to as the Ushat Kaala. Similarly, at the opposite end of the day, the twilight period is presided over by Pratyusha, the other wife of Surya and hence is named Pratyushat Kaala. Over time, this pronunciation underwent changes and we now refer to that period of day as Pradosha Kaala.
Even though Pradosha occurs every day, the period of Pradosha that occurs on the thithi of Thrayodasi is considered to be of high sanctity, for it was on a Thrayodasi that the first Shiva-Pradosha occurred. In essence, there are five types of Pradoshas known. They are: Nithya Pradosha (which occurs daily), Paksha Pradosha (observed every Thrayodasi), Maasa Pradosha (which is observed on the Thrayodasi of Krishna Paksha), Maha Pradosha (when Paksha Pradosha falls on a Saturday) and Pralaya Pradosha (at the end of all times, when all creation will recede into Shakthi and Shakthi herself will recede into Shiva). To observe a Vratha on any of these Pradoshas in a consistent manner is considered to be one of the best ways to please Maheshwara.
The rites and rituals of Pradosha Vratha are described in great detail in the Shiva Purana. The Vratha was first preached by Sandilya Maharishi to a Brahmin woman, her son Suchivratha and an orphaned prince Dharmaguptha. It is said that after 8 consecutive Pradoshas, Suchivratha got to drink the Amrutha, which is meant for the Devadhi Devas alone. Dharmagupta, on the other hand, fell in love with a celestial princess and went on to marry her. Finally, with the help of his powerful father-in-law, Dharmagupta was able to vanquish his enemies and regain his long lost kingdom. Such is the ease and the fruit-bearing capability of the Pradosha Vratha as is praised in the Pradosha Mahima kanto of the Shiva Purana.
ये वैप्रदोश समये परमेश्वरस्य
कुर्वन्तनन्या मंसान्ग्री सरोज पूजां |
नित्य प्रवृद्ध तर पुत्र कलत्र मित्र
सौभाग्य संबादाधिकास्त इहैव लोके ||.             
-शिव पुराण
“He who worships Parameshwara during the Pradosha Period, with the offering of lotus flowers and a full concentration, will be blessed with long life, excellent wife, children and friends and will come into lots of prosperity and luck in this world"-Shiva Purana.
PS: The story that has been narrated above is an adapted version of “Pradosha Mahatmya” as described by Sandilya Maharishi. The reading, listening or remembrance of this story during Pradosha is said to have an equivalent effect of having performed the complete set of prescribed Pradosha pooja and rituals.

Marghabandhu storam 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gz7O_NItL38

Pooja Vidhanam

During Prodhosha time, performing abhishekam to Lord Shiva and offering the following are considered very auspicious:

Milk gives long life;  Ghee gives Moksha state;  Curd gives good children;  Honey gives melodious voice;  Rice powder frees from debts;  Sugar cane juice gives good health;  Panjamrutham gives wealth;  Lemon removes fear of death;  Sugar removes enmity;  Tender coconut gives enjoyment; Cooked Rice(Annam) gives mejestic life;  Sandal gives Lakshmi's grace.  Many people offer their gold jewellery to be kept on the water sieve used for Abhishekam to the deity and get it back after the pooja. Anoint the Lord Shiva with Love, He would give Himself !!
Bilvam and flowers can be offered for Shiva pooja. Please go to Shiva temple for every Pradhosham and live in His grace blissfully. 


While offering Bilva leaves to Lord Shiva, you can recite Bilvashtakam and get Goddess Lakshmi's blessings:
BILVASHTAKAM Link:
While performing Abhishekam, you can recite Sri Rudram and Chamakam, which are in praise of Lord Shiva's glory. 

SRI RUDHRAM:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E7Y9YbQVzJo

This audio contains three chapters:
1. Laghunyasha
2. Sri Rudraprashnaha
3. Chamakaprashnaha.

Nandhi Worship

Interestingly, Nandi Deva is also worshipped with equal importance during Pradosha and is given a special abhisheka with milk, sandal paste, water, and other fragrant fluids. He is offered a very special dish made out of red rice (Puttarisi), sugar and ghee, which is later fed to the temple cow. Some people even take the liberty of whispering their wishes into Nandi’s ears to pass them onto Shiva, for during Pradhosha, Nandi is believed to be the closest to the Lord. It is also customary to have a darshan of the Shiva Linga through and in between the horns of Nandi, just the way Shiva had danced at the very first Pradosha.

Soma Suthra Pradakshina

When snake Vasuki ejected the Halahala Poison, all the devas and Asuras were terribly afraid and started running helter shelter. They reached Lord Shiva for help. The Poison started driving them mad, not allowing them to complete their pradhakhina around Lord Shiva. They therefore went around the Lord half the distance and then retraced their steps backwards. The same pattern is followed while performing pradakshina during Pradosham days in Shivalayas.
During the pradhosham time Somasutra pradakshinam is the suggested way of circumambulating the God. In some of the temples this is followed always. A point to note here is that the Gomukhi is never crossed. Gomukhi is the place where the water after anointing (abhisheka thirtham) would be flowing northwards out. By doing this way of pradakshinam, one does not step over this holy water.
As per the above marked symbols this pradakshinam is to be done. First   is the dharshan of Rishabha (Nandhi Deva), then go anti-clockwise  upto Chandikeshawar (not crossing the gomukhi). Now return in the clockwise manner upto Rishabham and continue clockwise till the Gomukhi (not cross it again). Then return in anti-clockwise direction upto Rishabham again and proceed towards Chandikeshawar. From there return back clockwise without stopping at Rishabham this time and reach the Gomukhi. Finally return back anti-clockwise from there to Rishabham and continue to Chandikeshwar and return back to Rishabham and worship the shiva Lingam (at the altar) by viewing through the space between the two horns of the Nandhi. This is one pradakshinam. Three such times pradakshinam is to be done. Some people resort to whispering their wishes to Lord Nandhikeshwar, with a request to in turn take it up with Lord Shiva and get it fulfilled.

If you carefully observe the curve traced by doing the pradashinam is very similar to the periphery of the crescent Moon. Hence this way of circumambulating is called Soma Sutra pradakshinam. Due to this, Pradosham which happens on a Monday is very special.

Listen to Kripananda Variyar on Pradhosham:

Pradosha Vritham

As per the Skanda puranam, we have the following details available: 

Once when devas were defeated by demon king Vrithasura, they approached their teacher Brihaspati. He told them the glories of pradosha vratam and asked them to adopt it to get relief.
"At Pradosh time, the devotee should observe silence, light up thousand or at least thirty two lights with ghee (classified butter), perform ‘Shodasopacharas’ with flowers, fruits, incense sticks, sandal paste, naivedya (food offering) and so on. Later on, the devotee should execute hundred and eight ‘Pradakshinas’ or circumambulations and Namaskars followed by ‘Stuti’ or commendation. Fruits, lights, Naivedya or Food Offerings and ‘Taambula’ or betel leaves and nuts be offered step by step and observe a festive atmosphere with music, dance, bhajan and various devotional activities which are dear to Lord Shiva".
Pursuant to the successful conclusion of the Pradoshi Vrata, Indra joined the battle along with others; With the blessings of Maha Deva who was pleased with the Vrata not only by Indra but various other Devas too, the mighty Demon Vrirasura fell with the final blow of Dadhichi’s backbone tactfully utilised by Indra and as soon as the battle concluded with victory of Devas, the remaining left over Danavas took to their heels to Patala and Indra was reinstalled as the King of Swarga.


Benefits of Pradhosham

Pradosham’s numerous benefits can be enjoyed regardless of the day it falls on. Here are all the Pradosham days and their benefits:
  • Monday (Som Pradosh): Som Pradosh is known to erase negativity from the life of Lord Shiva’s devotees and turn them into positive thinkers.
  • Tuesday (Bhaum Pradosh): Bhaum Pradosh is known to cure illnesses and disease, and it aids in improving overall physical health as well. Bhaum Pradosh also contributes to prosperity.
  • Wednesday (Saumya Vaara Pradosh): Saumya Vaara Pradosh helps immensely in enhancing knowledge and education.
  • Thursday (Guruvaara Pradosh): Guruvaara Pradosh provides protection against existing dangers and concerns, if any.
  • Friday (Bhrigu Vaara Pradosh): No matter what negative energies and opposition surround your life, Bhrigu Vaara Pradosh helps to eliminate them completely.
  • Saturday (Shani Pradosh): Shani Pradosh ensures progress in career, and also helps in recovering from financial losses.
  • Sunday (Bhaanu Vaara Pradosha): Longevity and peace are the two main benefits of observing Pradosham on Sunday.


Maanaseega Pooja

Can you spend just 15 minutes of your time once in a fortnight ?

Those who are unable to visit temple during Pradosha days can spend about 15 minutes by 5:30 p.m., hear the following slokam and do maanaseega pooja, imagine offering doopam, deepam, neiveidyam, ashtothram, argyam and get benefited. Those who can, may worship Lord Shiva's image by offering dhoop stick and flowers along with whatever neivedhyam possible like plain milk or cooked rice. 



(REFERENCE: SATHVISHAYAM WEBSITE)

OM  NA MA SI VA YA


Listen to Panchaakshara mantram below:

Listen to M.S. now:

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